Jails vs. Prisons - 1464 Words

Corrections Jails vs. Prisons ------------------------------------------------- Andrea K. Wester ------------------------------------------------- April 30, 2012 To start, this paper has been more than challenging for me. Never before has my eyes been more opened to such differences. And to warn you I may have more information than needed, but no surprise there. Here bellow is what I have come up with on the differences between jail systems and prisons systems. There is not a major difference between jail and prison for a common man, but in the eyes of a lawyer two of them are totally different. A common man considers that the two terms are interchangeable or synonyms. Both are the places, in which individuals are physically confined†¦show more content†¦Detention centers, in general, are larger facilities that are often regional to national in scope or coverage. Many say that the term ‘detention center’ is a really broad name that pertains to a facility or place where persons are confined. According to the BOP (Bureau of Prison, U.S.), a detention center is a place where you confine individuals who are not yet declared convicts but are charged for something. These individuals have not qualified for bail. Nevertheless, if a person will be deemed a threat to others and even a ‘flight risk’ or somebody who might fly away just to escape the charges filed against him or her, then most likely he or she will be held captive inside the detention center prior conviction. Jails can also be described similarly. In the U.S., detention centers can be a jail, a prison, a concentration camp, an internment camp and many other places where one or a group of people a re detained. These centers are classified as maximum, medium and minimum detention centers. Obviously the maximum security is the place where very violent criminals are housed like those who are sentenced for life imprisonment. Medium security detention centers are for those who’ll serve for middle range sentences. Compared to maximum, the prisoners in here have less criminal background. The minimum detention center, also known as a form of work camp, is meant for those who have offended a policy or law for the very first time. ThisShow MoreRelatedA Brief Comparison of Jails and Prisons785 Words   |  3 PagesComparison of Jails Prisons A Brief Comparison of Jails Prisons It is common knowledge that one of the primary penalties of violating the law is incarceration. Civilians, those who are not in the business of law enforcement, and even some professionals in the criminal justice field, throw around the terms jail and prison quite often, using them interchangeably. Jails and prisons are not the same. This paper will elucidate some of the primary differences between jails and prisons as well as drawRead More1. Describe the basis of feminist criminology.877 Words   |  4 Pagesfederal prisons or local jails.2 †¢Ã¯â‚¬  Expanding at 4.6% annually between 1995 and 2005, women now account for 7% of the population in state and federal prisons.3 †¢Ã¯â‚¬  The number of women in prison has increased at nearly double the rate of men since 1985, 404% vs. 209%.4 †¢Ã¯â‚¬  Women in state prisons in 2003 were more likely than men to be incarcerated for a drug offense (29% vs. 19%) or property offense (30% vs. 20%) and less likely than men to be incarcerated for a violent offense (35% vs. 53%).5 Read MoreRehabilitation Will Reduce Crime1246 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica, crime is on the rise. Every day, every minute, and even every second someone will commit a crime. Now, I invite you to consider that a crime is taking place as you read this paper. 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Being incarcerated is the humane form of punishment that isRead MoreTypes Of Diversion Programs Currently Used821 Words   |  4 Pagesdetailed summary of risks and needs, allowing determination of appropriate levels and types of supervision, i.e. home, office, phone, as well as other appropriate services, such as substance abuse treatment and mental health treatment; 3. to assist prisons and jails in determining potential as a candidate for parole or other form of early release; 4. to provide to correctional facilities information that can assist in the establishment of placement into specific programs, i.e. programs that specialize inRead MorePrison Overcrowding And The United States994 Words   |  4 P agesPrison Overcrowding In the United States, there’s two types of incarcerations: jail vs prison and federal vs state. The key difference between all prison systems is the size, location, and quantity of inmates and the crime rate in each area. 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Nowadays, there have been some cases in which criminals are given the freedom toRead MoreAb109 Paper949 Words   |  4 Pages109 Assembly Bill 109 was signed by Governor Edmund Brown Jr. and implemented on October 1, 2011 to close the revolving door of low-level inmates cycling in and out of state prison. It was a way to reduce the number of inmate in our overpopulated 33 prisons. The cause ab109 and ab117 to be put into place was a lawsuit Plata vs. Schwarzenegger fact that California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation was in violation of the eight amendments, the American with Disabilities Act and section 504Read MoreAfrican American Stereotypes. Paper1208 Words   |  5 PagesAfrican American stereotypes. He said that there are more black men enrolled in jail rather than jail. He also stated that African Americans are the most religious, but most likely to get a divorce. There are more black men in jail and prison than in college, but there are more college-age black men in college than in jail and prison. Statistics show that there were an estimated 791,600 black men in jail and prison in 2000 and a count of 603,032 in college in 1999. The more reliable U.S. CensusRead MoreFaith-Based Rehab Programs in Prison Essay1183 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Faith-based Rehabilitation Programs in Prisons Yashila Crowell JUS 510 Contemporary CJ Issues and Trends April 13, 2014 Professor Lacy Ellis Faith-based rehabilitation programs are support groups within the prison system that inmates can be a part of to encourage, support, stability, growth, life changing skills, and thinking. These programs can help assist inmates in adjusting to prison life while being incarcerated and it can also help them have a strong foundation upon their

The Consequences Of Climate Change Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

The job of clime alteration affects the full universe and this is one of the major planetary jobs. The impacts of clime alteration are diverse and could be damaging to one million millions of people across the universe, peculiarly those in developing states, who are the most vulnerable. Many of the effects of clime alteration will hold negative economic effects. We will write a custom essay sample on The Consequences Of Climate Change Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The figure of terrible conditions events, for illustration, is likely to increase and escalate as a consequence of clime alteration, which could ensue in one million millions of dollars in economic harm yearly. Climate alteration refers to an addition in mean planetary temperatures. Natural events and human activities are believed to be lending to an addition in mean planetary temperatures. This is caused chiefly by the addition of â€Å" nursery † gases such as Carbon Dioxide ( CO2 ) . The rise of planetary temperatures have been accompanied by alterations in conditions and clime. We can see many negative effects of clime alteration such as oceans warming and going more acidic, ice caps runing and sea degrees lifting. Recently, human activities have released big sums of C dioxide and other nursery gases into the ambiance. The nursery gases effects come from the combustion of fossil fuels to bring forth energy. Furthermore, deforestation, industrial procedures and some agricu ltural patterns besides emit gases into the ambiance which contributes a batch of negative effects to our nature. Harmonizing to the US bureau, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) ( 2010 ) , there are seven indexs which show an addition in a heating universe which are troposphere temperature, humidness, temperature over oceans, sea surface temperature, sea degrees, ocean heat content and temperature over land. In contrary, there are three indexs that result in the decreasing of temperature which are sea ice, glaciers and snow screen. Climate alteration contributes a batch of negative effects because of the addition in planetary temperature which leads to the thaw of ice, effects on agribusiness and alterations in conditions forms. First of wholly, the effects of planetary heating and clime alteration can be black. In fact, world have already witnessed and keeps witnessing negative effects of planetary heating. Climate alteration occurs due to increase of planetary temperature. Global heating caused by air pollution is increasing the sum of C gases, besides known as nursery gases in the Earth ‘s ambiance. The termA greenhouseA is used in concurrence with the phenomenon known as the nursery consequence. Energy from the Sun drives the Earth ‘s conditions and clime, and heats the Earth ‘s surface. In bend, the Earth radiates energy back into infinite. These gases are hence known as nursery gases. The nursery consequence is the rise in temperature on Earth as certain gases in the ambiance trap energy. Greenhouse gases act like a cover around Earth, pin downing energy in the ambiance and doing it to warm up. This phenomenon is called the nursery consequence and is natural and necessary to back up l ife on Earth. However, the physique up of nursery gases can alter Earth ‘s clime and consequence in unsafe effects to human wellness and public assistance and to ecosystems. Harmonizing to Anup Shah ( 2012 ) , six chief nursery gases are carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) , methane ( CH4 ) ( which is 20 times as potent a nursery gas as C dioxide ) and azotic oxide ( N2O ) , plus three fluorinated industrial gases: hydro fluorocarbons ( HFCs ) , per fluorocarbons ( PFCs ) and sulphur hexafluoride ( SF6 ) . Water vapor is besides considered a nursery gas. Greenhouse effects besides have positive effects because without them, heat would get away back into infinite and the Earth ‘s mean temperature would be a batch colder. However, if the nursery consequence becomes stronger, so Earth might no longer be suited for worlds, animate beings and workss to populate in. Human activity has caused an instability in the natural rhythm of the nursery consequence and related procedures. As a conseq uence, the ice caps start to run and increase the sea degree might finally submerge some little islands and gnaw the surface of the mainland. The addition in planetary temperatures leads to the thaw of the snow screen and glaciers in mountains and both poles. If the glaciers melt, the sea degrees will besides lift. Initially, the rise in sea degree would increase merely by an inch or two. But even a modest rise in sea degrees could do deluging jobs for the houses, workss and edifices that are situated in the low-lying countries. There has been much concern about the possibility that planetary heating will do the polar ice caps to run and deluge many coastal metropoliss. In short, if both polar ice caps melted, sea degree would so raise plenty to deluge many coastal countries and alter the universe ‘s coastlines. Furthermore, climate alteration gives a batch of negative effects on agribusiness. The high temperature of the Earth causes the fertile lands to go wastes and unsuitable for agricultural activities. Harmonizing to NOAA ( 2010 ) , climate alteration affects agribusiness on dirt procedures, harvests and grasslands and farm animal. First, effects on dirt procedure. The possible for dirts to back up agribusiness and distribution of land usage will be influenced by alterations in dirt H2O balance. It will increase in soil H2O shortages, for illustration dry soils become even drier. The increased demand for irrigation could better dirt workability in wetting agent parts and diminish poaching and eroding hazard. Second, effects on harvests. The effects of increased temperature and CO2 degrees on arable harvests are more susceptible to altering conditions and field veggies will be peculiarly affected by temperature alterations and H2O shortages will straight impact fruit and vegetable produc tion. Last, there are effects on the grasslands and unrecorded stock. Poultry and unrecorded stock could be exposed to higher incidences of heat emphasis therefore act uponing productiveness. It will increase in disease transmittal by faster growing rates of pathogens in the environment. Therefore, we have to unify in happening positive solutions for these immediate jobs. On the other manus, extreme conditions forms may go more common. The rise of mean temperature produce a variable clime alteration. There are many critical effects of utmost conditions forms such as windstorms, heat moving ridges or drouths, storms with utmost rain or snow and dust storms. Harmonizing to George E. Mash ( 2000 ) , utmost conditions caused by C dioxide ( CO2 ) from autos, industries and power workss, trap heat near the Earth ‘s surface. More heat means more energy. Adding so much energy to the ambiance creates the potency for more extremes. Washington occupants experienced conditions extremes in the autumn of 2006. First, record rains churned up rivers and caused landslides and inundations around Western Washington. Then, as the H2O began to unclutter, a record cold with ice and snowfall paralytic parts of the west side of the province. That was closely followed by record gale force air currents, 14 deceases, extended belongings harm, and yearss of power outages f or 1 million places and concerns in Washington. Climatologists say utmost conditions events will go more common as our clime heats up. In add-on, drouths can impact us on less summer H2O for farms, metropoliss and woods. Worlds, animate beings and workss can non populate with limited H2O supplies. In that instance, we will hunger for H2O if the drouths maintain go oning. Besides, irrigation will be less due to earlier high river flows and diminishing dirt wet. Furthermore, less H2O for metropolis municipal H2O beginnings will impact industries, concerns and householders. With a 3.6 grade heating, drouths will happen more often. To forestall from non holding adequate H2O supplies, we must take safeguard stairss to forestall it from happens. Conservation patterns can assist cut down demand for H2O. Municipalities and irrigation territories need to seek new storage countries to flush out the flow and demand for H2O. If inundations become more utmost and frequently occur, warmer tempera tures result in more winter precipitation falling as rain instead than snow throughout much of the Pacific Northwest. This alteration will ensue in higher winter watercourse flows with more inundations, less winter snow accretion and earlier spring snowmelt. In contrast to more rain when we do n’t necessitate it, there will be less H2O when we do necessitate it. Significant decreases in summer watercourse flow will adversely impact husbandmans who rely on irrigation, occupant and summertime hydropower production. These alterations are likely to increase bing struggles among viing H2O users, made worse by a regional population addition. In decision, we must united and collaborate with each other in order to salvage our female parent nature from the addition in planetary temperature and changing of conditions forms that are progressively widespread. We must take safeguards in order to protect our Earth from utmost clime alteration. There are assorted effects due to climate alteration such as the snow runing in the Arctic is increasing, lifting sea degrees, shriveling land size, natural catastrophes such as inundations, drouths and forest fires and increasing wellness job and affects on cosmopolitan life affect the end product of agricultural merchandises. Therefore, we must take safeguards in order to forestall clime alteration. Among the steps that should be implemented to turn to clime alteration is holding an consciousness run on environmental attention. In add-on, the usage of eco-friendly energy beginnings should be given precedence. Education about the environment should be emphasized in school and environmenta l instruction is besides of import to the older coevals is implemented as a few of them are merely concerned with wealth and net income entirely. Furthermore, information about the effects caused by clime alteration and the impact of environmental pollution should be widely disseminated in assorted ways. The governments should make research diligently on how to cut down planetary heating. Reforestation and recycling plans besides must be done instantly. We must cut down C monoxide emanations by cut downing the usage of private vehicles. By taking a assortment of safeguards, our Earth will be safe from the menace of clime alteration. How to cite The Consequences Of Climate Change Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Law of Business Entities

Question: Discuss about theLaw of Business Entities. Answer: Incorporation of the Limited Partnership and Limited Liability Company Introduction: There have been limited shares of profits of a company and a limiting liability for organisations of business. Limited Partnership is a bridge between the corporate limited liability of a company and the personal liability of an ordinary partnership which have often been overlooked. In the world of common law, limited partnership has an undistinguished history and rarely establishes a position as the vehicle for a distinctive commercial activity. There have been an opportunities for investment which is generated by the will of the government in encouraging the commercialisation within Australia of more intellectual capital and the potential of business which is spawned by the designers of Australia, prospectors and investors and providing the impetus for the development. Limited Partnership Formation Under Section 51, Limited Partnership must be registered foe meeting the needs in section 8. It is necessary that, there should be basically one partial partner who can provide input of capital. They do not have tights in the participation in the management and they are not responsible for any liabilities beyond. A person cannot be both limited partner as well as common partner with same partnership. There must be a written partnership agreement in a limited partnership (Aaronson, 2011). An agreement of partnership is successful as after the registration of the limited partnership and partners which also include subsequent partners are in agreement in performing the agreement as applicable to them. The amendment of the partnership agreement is a written document which the limited partners sign agreement to the procedures given in the contract of partnership. A partnership has to provide whether there are any restrictions on the partners ability in assigning or otherwise disposing of the interests of partnership of that person and the restriction nature. The agreement also provides the entitlement of partners to distributions and whether there is a competition among limited and general partner. There is provision for restricting the business or other activities which limited partners as well as new partners have admission to the partnership. The agreement provides for the termination of the specific associates and how associates leave the partial partnership which includes as a partner is disqualified from partial partnership and how the partnership is admitted partially. It also provides for the financial statement of the limited partners. Limited partnership may have specific powers and capacity which are contained in the provision of the agreement. Liability of partnership is similar to the shareholders of a company and that is limited to the contribution of capital. Partnership for a limited period doesnt manage the partial companionship. A person who become s a limited partner has to register in the limited partnership. When the management process in not run by the partial partner liability of debts does not comes on the partnership which is done partially. It is necessary that the name of both the partners should be stated in the written contract where partial partnership is stated and any document should be issued in the form of legal obligation in the partnership which is limited by time. The Limited Partnership formation is done by an appropriate registration process with Registrar of companies in New Zealand and not on earlier signing of partnership agreement (Litvak, 2009). The details of the registration for the Limited Partnership are available publicly from the Registrar of Companies. Information about the Limited Partnership is private and cannot be obtained publicly. Limited partners of limited partnership are liable for specific tax accountability of the partnership limited by time. A partnership limited by time always has an office in New Zealand and the description of the registered office have to include its address. A limited partnership has to keep records of the partnership agreement along with all other agreements to it and the proceedings of the congregation and the declaration of the associates includes in last seven years. He also has to keep a register of the business which is last known current partner and the person ceasing to be a partner for the last seven years. A general partner belonging to a limited partnership have to make sure that balance date for a limited time period of partnership should be commenced with a balanced date when the financial statements should be recorded with complete relative to the limited partnership and the general partners sign the balance dates by two general partners belonging to a limited partnership when general partner it requires to be signed by that partner (Rong, 2010). Essay Introduction The Company Act 1993 governs the incorporation and the management and the liquidation of the companies. A company may have many shareholders. The Securities Act 1978 regulates the process of raising funds from public in order to set up the company. Companies are identified with the quotes related to Unlisted or New Zealand Stock Exchange. When group member companies transact Australia corporate group poses certain dangers for the creditors. Corporate law of Australia needs the act of the directors in the companys interest for their appointment. Australian corporate law needs directors for the interest of the company for their appointment. Corporate Governance needs a structure in order to verify and safeguard the integrity of the financial reporting. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and the consideration by directors of interests to corporate stakeholders is a debate in Australia. Directors and corporate have regards to the stakeholders interests other than shareholders. Formation of a Company At least one shareholder and one director must be present in the company Shares must be denominated in accordance to the monetary value. Directors have to certify that there will be no disqualification from the appointment in order to hold the office of the directors. The Companies Act 1993 states the obligation, duties and rights of the board of the companies. The provisions of the Company Act 1993 states the requirement of a constitution of the company. There are 25% of shares of a company which are owned by non-residents, audited annual accounts must be filed in the New Zealand Companies Office. There must be reservation of the company name with expense incorporation of the fee which is prescribed and the document filing process is needed by the Company Registration including an approval discern and the application of the registrar, consent of the shareholder and the directors and the constitution is optional. A GST registration and a company IRD (tax) number are needed. At the ti me of incorporating IRD tax and registration on GST is required here. Overseas Companies want to carry forward the New Zealands business. Shares in the companies of New Zealand are not needed to be held by residents of New Zealand (Hellwig, 2010). Companies which are incorporated outside New Zealand are known as overseas companies. It can be established either through the branch registration of an overseas company or through the incorporation of local subsidiary and acquisition of registered company in New Zealand. There are also other ways of establishment of the overseas company like limited partnership (Al-Qirim, 2008). The registration of either a branch or a subsidiary has become more time consuming because of the amendments made to the Companies Act 1993 because of the decisions for establishing an overseas company branch by registering on the overseas company in New Zealand or incorporated a subsidiary company depending on issues of legal structures and taxation of both New Zealand and overseas and a limited liability subsidiary having limited liability with respect to the operations of New Zealand. In the name of Registrar Company the overseas companys branch are registered in New Zealand. The residents name of the dir ector and full name with the branchs address of New Zealand and address of the directors who are overseas is needed to be registered (Kelsey, 2015) Companies which are incorporated do not require filing a constitution and changes of the director with the New Zealand Registrar of companies because of the facilities for sharing the information which are the implementations between the Companies of Australian Securities and New Zealand and the Investment Commission. The taxation laws of New Zealand consists of Income Tax Act 2007 as well as revenue acts which includes Goods and Services Tax act 1985. All new companies which have been incorporated in New Zealand should have details of the directors and the shareholders along with the consent forms which are signed by the director and the shareholders. The address details for the document services and the registered office located in New Zealand and the address for the communication with the company. There must also be any additional documents and details which are requested by the New Zealand Company Office including the verification of the identification of the shareholders and the directors like certified copies of the passport of the director and the utilities bill to acknowledge the identity of the director and the residential address The concept of misunderstanding especially for the owners of small business is protecting personal wealth. Many business owners are advantageous of high priced asset protection plan. Australian Corporate Law needs directors in order to act in the best interest of the company to which they are appointed. The duty conflicts with the action of the directors within a corporate group managing and controlling on the basis of an enterprise which is single. The acts complies, how to control corporate group and the members of the company. In the group case law, non codified group law is described briefly with several points. The enterprise liability is considered in the article where corporate group is provided and interests and conflicts of creditors with additional protection are described here with several interests (Whiting Miller, 2008). References Aaronson, S. A. (2011). Limited partnership: Business, government, civil society, and the public in the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). Public Administration and Development, 31(1), 50-63. Al-Qirim, N. (2008). The adoption of eCommerce communications and applications technologies in small businesses in New Zealand. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 6(4), 462-473. Hellwig, M. F. (2010). Capital regulation after the crisis: business as usual?. MPI Collective Goods Preprint, (2010/31). Kelsey, J. (2015). The New Zealand experiment: A world model for structural adjustment?. Bridget Williams Books. Litvak, K. (2009). Venture capital limited partnership agreements: Understanding compensation arrangements. The University of Chicago Law Review, 161-218. Rong, J. (2010). By Limited Partnership. Friend of Science Amateurs, 1, 051. Whiting, R. H., Miller, J. C. (2008). Voluntary disclosure of intellectual capital in New Zealand annual reports and the hidden value. Journal of Human Resource Costing Accounting, 12(1), 26-50.